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Warning sign at the Manuel Antonio
National Park: “dangerous zone, do not enter”
Costa Rica is generally considered safe for international travelers, with a stable political climate and a well-established tourism infrastructure. The country has earned its reputation as one of the safest destinations in Central America, and millions of tourists visit annually without incident. The Costa Rican government prioritizes tourism safety, with specialized police forces (Tourist Police or "Policía Turística") stationed in popular destinations to assist visitors.
That said, no country is entirely free of crime or safety concerns. While violent crime against tourists is relatively rare, petty theft and opportunistic crimes do occur, particularly in busy tourist areas. Most negative experiences can be avoided with common-sense precautions—the same ones you'd take when traveling anywhere unfamiliar.
Costa Rica's commitment to peace is deeply embedded in its national identity; the country abolished its military in 1949 and has since invested those resources in education, healthcare, and environmental protection. This peaceful approach to governance has contributed significantly to Costa Rica's reputation as a welcoming destination where visitors can experience the famous "Pura Vida" (pure life) lifestyle that defines Costa Rican culture.
The most common safety issues tourists encounter in Costa Rica are non-violent crimes of opportunity rather than serious threats to personal safety. Petty theft accounts for the majority of tourist-related crime reports, with the following being particularly prevalent:
Pickpocketing in crowded areas such as bus terminals, markets, and popular beaches is common. Thieves often work in teams, with one person creating a distraction while another takes valuables.
Theft from vehicles, especially rental cars, occurs frequently. Tourists' vehicles are easily identifiable and often contain valuables like cameras, passports, and electronics. Smash-and-grab robberies can happen even in seemingly safe parking areas.
Beach theft is also widespread, with belongings left unattended while swimming becoming easy targets. It only takes seconds for items to disappear when you're enjoying the ocean.
Credit card fraud and ATM skimming devices may be encountered, particularly in smaller establishments or isolated ATMs.
Nature-related risks also exist, including strong ocean currents at certain beaches, wildlife encounters, and navigating rugged terrain. Costa Rica's diverse ecosystems, while beautiful, can present natural hazards that visitors should be aware of.
It's worth noting that serious violent crime against tourists is uncommon, and most visitors experience no safety issues beyond perhaps having to be vigilant with their belongings. Taking basic precautions will significantly reduce your risk of encountering problems.
Keep an eye at your belongings even on relatively safe beaches like Manuel Antonio
While Costa Rica is generally safe for tourists, there are certain areas where extra caution is advised, particularly in urban centers. In San José, the capital city, neighborhoods such as Los Guido, La Carpio, El Infiernillo, and parts of Desamparados have higher crime rates and are not typical tourist destinations. The areas around Limón on the Caribbean coast have historically had higher crime statistics, though popular tourist destinations in the region such as Puerto Viejo and Cahuita have significantly improved security in recent years.
After dark, certain parts of San José deserve extra caution, including the areas around Parque La Merced, Parque Morazán, and sections of Avenida Central. While these places are busier and generally safe during daylight hours, they become less secure at night when fewer people are around.
Rather than focusing exclusively on areas to avoid, a better approach is to seek out the many safe and welcoming destinations Costa Rica offers. Popular tourist areas such as Manuel Antonio, Monteverde, La Fortuna (Arenal), Tamarindo, Santa Teresa, and Puerto Viejo all have established tourism infrastructure and reasonable security measures in place.
Remember that even in the safest areas, it's important to remain aware of your surroundings. The distinction between "safe" and "unsafe" areas can sometimes be as small as walking a few blocks in the wrong direction, particularly in urban environments.
Taking sensible safety precautions will significantly reduce your risk of encountering problems during your Costa Rican adventure. Here are essential safety measures that every visitor should consider:
Secure your valuables properly by using hotel safes whenever available and avoiding carrying large amounts of cash or expensive jewelry. Consider bringing a money belt for essential documents and cards when traveling between destinations.
Be cautious with your belongings in public spaces, especially at beaches, bus stations, and crowded markets. Never leave items unattended while swimming—either take turns watching belongings with travel companions or use lockers when available at more developed beaches.
When driving, always lock your vehicle and never leave valuables visible inside. Park in secure, well-lit areas whenever possible, preferably with an attendant (unofficial parking attendants known as "watchimen" are common in Costa Rica).
Use licensed taxis (red with yellow triangles) or reputable ride-sharing services rather than unmarked vehicles. In San José, use the official airport taxis (orange) when arriving.
Stay aware of your surroundings, particularly when using ATMs or walking at night. Limit nighttime wandering to well-lit, populated areas, and consider taking official taxis for even short distances after dark in urban areas.
Make digital copies of important documents such as your passport, driver's license, and insurance information. Store these securely in cloud storage you can access if your physical documents are lost or stolen.
Learn basic Spanish phrases related to emergencies and safety. While many Costa Ricans in tourism areas speak English, being able to communicate in emergency situations is invaluable.
Register with your country's embassy or consulate upon arrival. Many nations offer services that allow citizens to register their travel plans, making it easier to receive assistance in emergencies.
By implementing these precautions consistently throughout your journey, you'll significantly reduce your vulnerability to common safety issues while enjoying all that Costa Rica has to offer.
Most safety signs will also be in English,
but when in doubt, ask (and yes, crocodiles can be present on some beaches).
Public transportation in Costa Rica varies in safety and reliability depending on the type and location. Overall, the public bus system is extensive, affordable, and relatively safe for tourists, connecting virtually all parts of the country. While generally reliable, buses can be targets for petty theft, especially on longer routes and in crowded situations. Keep your valuables secure and be particularly vigilant at bus terminals and during stops.
Official taxis (red with yellow triangles) are regulated and generally safe. Always ensure the driver uses the meter (maría) or agree on a fare before departure. At night, it's advisable to call a taxi rather than hailing one on the street, especially in urban areas. The orange airport taxis in San José are more expensive but provide an official and secure option when first arriving.
Ride-sharing services operate in Costa Rica, particularly in urban areas and major tourist destinations. Many travelers find these services convenient and feel they offer an additional layer of security since the rides are tracked electronically.
For those considering renting a car, driving in Costa Rica presents its own challenges. Roads can be poorly maintained, mountainous routes may lack guardrails, and signage is often minimal. During the rainy season (May to November), washouts and landslides can occur. Additionally, local driving norms may differ from what you're accustomed to, with more aggressive driving behaviors common. If you do rent a vehicle, opt for a 4WD for greater versatility, especially if venturing beyond main tourist areas.
Shuttle services between major tourist destinations offer a comfortable middle ground between public buses and private transportation. While more expensive than public buses, these services provide door-to-door transportation and are generally very safe.
Costa Rica has one of the best water systems in Latin America, and tap water is generally safe to drink in most urban areas and established tourist destinations. The country has made significant investments in its water infrastructure, with approximately 97% of urban populations having access to potable water. In San José, major beach towns like Tamarindo and Jacó, and popular destinations such as La Fortuna and Monteverde, tap water typically meets safety standards.
However, water quality can vary in rural areas, remote locations, and some coastal regions. In these areas, it's advisable to stick with purified or bottled water. If you're traveling extensively throughout the country or have a sensitive stomach, you might choose to use bottled water consistently to avoid any adjustment issues.
Visitors with particularly sensitive systems might opt for bottled water even in areas with potable tap water, simply as a precaution against different mineral contents and bacterial compositions that, while safe, might cause temporary digestive adjustments. This is especially true if you're only visiting for a short period.
Ice in established restaurants and hotels in tourist areas is typically made from purified water and is generally safe. However, if you're dining at small local establishments (sodas) in remote areas, you might want to ask about the source of the ice or avoid it altogether if uncertain.
As a sustainable alternative to single-use plastic bottles, consider bringing a reliable water purification system if you'll be venturing into remote areas. Options include water bottles with built-in filters, UV purifiers, or water purification tablets. This approach reduces plastic waste while ensuring you have safe drinking water wherever you go.
If you have a delicate stomach, bottled water
from brands like alpina can be purchased at any supermarket.
Costa Rica offers relatively good healthcare compared to many other Latin American countries, with both public and private medical facilities available to tourists. In case of a medical emergency, knowing the right steps to take can make a significant difference in the quality and speed of care you receive.
For immediate emergencies, dial 911, which is the universal emergency number in Costa Rica. Operators may not always speak English, so having basic Spanish phrases ready or finding someone who can translate is helpful. The Red Cross (Cruz Roja) provides much of the country's ambulance services and can be reached directly at 128.
Private hospitals and clinics in major tourist areas and cities generally offer higher quality care and are more likely to have English-speaking staff. These include Hospital CIMA and Hospital Clínica Bíblica in San José, and Clínica San Rafael in Liberia near popular Guanacaste beaches. While more expensive than public facilities, private hospitals accept most international insurance and credit cards.
Public hospitals (operated by the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social or CCSS) provide care to everyone, including tourists, but may have longer wait times and fewer English-speaking staff. They're adequate for basic emergency care but may not have the specialized equipment or medications needed for complex conditions.
Travel insurance with medical coverage is absolutely essential when visiting Costa Rica. Medical care, especially at private facilities, can be expensive, and evacuation to your home country in case of serious illness or injury can cost tens of thousands of dollars. Ensure your policy covers adventure activities if you plan to participate in zip-lining, surfing, or other outdoor pursuits.
For minor illnesses, pharmacies (farmacias) in Costa Rica are excellent resources. Pharmacists are well-trained and can provide advice and medications for common issues, often without requiring a prescription. Many medications that would need prescriptions in North America or Europe are available over the counter in Costa Rica.
If you have pre-existing medical conditions, consider wearing a medical alert bracelet and carrying a letter from your doctor (translated into Spanish if possible) explaining your condition and necessary medications. Also, learn the Spanish names for your medications, as brand names often differ internationally.
Costa Rica is renowned for its outdoor adventures, from zip-lining through cloud forests to surfing Pacific waves. While these activities contribute to unforgettable experiences, they do come with inherent risks that require proper preparation and caution.
When selecting adventure operators, prioritize companies with proper certifications, positive reviews, and comprehensive safety briefings. Reputable operators will maintain their equipment regularly, employ trained guides, and follow established safety protocols. Don't hesitate to ask about their safety record and certification status before booking. The extra cost of a well-established company is worth the added security.
Water activities require particular attention to safety. Costa Rica's beaches can have strong currents and rip tides, with limited lifeguard presence. Always check local conditions before swimming, observe warning flags, and never swim alone or after consuming alcohol. For surfing, white water rafting, and other water sports, proper instruction and equipment are essential, even for experienced participants adjusting to new conditions.
Hiking in Costa Rica's diverse ecosystems offers incredible wildlife viewing opportunities but requires preparation. Trails can become treacherously slippery during and after rainfall, appropriate footwear is essential, and navigation can be challenging in dense forests. Using local guides not only enhances safety but also dramatically improves wildlife spotting and provides valuable ecological insights.
Wildlife encounters require respectful distance. Costa Rica's biodiversity includes venomous snakes, spiders, and marine creatures. While dangerous interactions are rare, maintaining awareness and keeping a safe distance from all wildlife is prudent. Remember that wild animals, even seemingly docile ones, are unpredictable and should never be fed or approached.
Weather conditions can change rapidly in tropical environments. During the rainy season (May to November), afternoon thunderstorms are common, creating flash flood risks in rivers and making road conditions hazardous. Check weather forecasts regularly and be prepared to adjust plans accordingly.
Bungeejumping in Naranjo.
Check reviews from providers on platforms like TripAdvisor.
Costa Rica is generally considered one of the better destinations in Latin America for solo travelers, offering a balance of established tourism infrastructure and authentic cultural experiences. Solo travel here is common and, with proper precautions, can be a rewarding experience for both men and women.
For solo female travelers, Costa Rica presents fewer gender-specific safety concerns than many other destinations. Women traveling alone are a common sight in tourist areas, and most report feeling relatively comfortable. However, cultural differences may lead to unwanted attention in some situations. Maintaining confident body language, dressing somewhat conservatively in non-beach areas, and being firm but polite when declining unwanted conversations can help minimize uncomfortable interactions.
All solo travelers should establish regular check-in protocols with friends or family at home. Share your itinerary, accommodation details, and planned activities with trusted contacts, and consider using location-sharing apps for added security. Establish regular check-in times and have a plan for what happens if you miss a check-in.
Accommodation choices can significantly impact solo travel safety. Opt for well-reviewed properties in secure areas, especially for your first and last nights in the country. Many solo travelers find that smaller hotels, B&Bs, and certain hostels offer a good balance of security and opportunities to meet other travelers. Read recent reviews carefully, paying special attention to comments from other solo travelers about safety and atmosphere.
Transportation requires extra vigilance when traveling alone. Avoid arriving at new destinations after dark when possible, pre-arrange airport transfers, and use licensed taxis or ride-sharing services for night transportation. On public buses, keep valuables secured and be cautious about storage compartments, particularly on longer routes.
Building connections with other travelers or locals can enhance both safety and enjoyment. Costa Rica's popularity means you'll often encounter other solo travelers with whom you can temporarily join for activities or transportation. Many accommodations and tour companies offer group excursions that provide built-in companionship for adventures while still maintaining your independence.
Being prepared for emergencies in Costa Rica means having immediate access to essential contact information and understanding how emergency services operate in the country. Keep these critical numbers readily accessible throughout your journey:
The universal emergency number in Costa Rica is 911, which connects you to police, fire, and ambulance services. While this system works throughout the country, response times can vary significantly between urban and rural areas. In remote locations, it may be faster to seek help through your accommodation or local contacts.
For specific services, these direct numbers may prove useful:
Your country's embassy or consulate in Costa Rica is an invaluable resource during emergencies. Before traveling, register your trip with your embassy's traveler program if available, and save their emergency contact information. The U.S. Embassy in San José, for example, can be reached at +506 2519-2000 for emergencies involving U.S. citizens.
Having a local contact can be extremely helpful during emergencies. This could be your hotel's front desk, your tour operator, or a trusted local friend. Local contacts can provide crucial assistance with translation, local knowledge, and navigating unfamiliar systems.
Travel insurance is essential for any international trip, and Costa Rica is no exception. Your policy should include coverage for medical emergencies, evacuation, trip cancellation, and personal liability. Save your policy number, coverage details, and the 24-hour emergency assistance number provided by your insurance company.
ICE (Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad) is the main telecommunications provider in Costa Rica. Having a local SIM card or ensuring your international plan works in Costa Rica can be crucial during emergencies. The country code for Costa Rica is +506, and all local numbers have eight digits.
The WAZE app is widely used for navigation in Costa Rica and can be invaluable for finding hospitals, police stations, or meeting points during emergencies. Download this and other relevant apps before your trip, and ensure they work offline if possible.
Often the biggest threats to safety in Costa Rica are not humans, but lack of respect for nature, such as with riptide currents.
In general, although Costa Rica has seen a spike in crime in recent years, it is still considered one of the safest countries in Latin America and if you follow some common safety precautions as above, you will have a great time in this tropical paradise.